attempt to reduce the number of trials required and will usually be attempted before brute force. More common methods of password cracking, such as dictionary attacks, pattern checking, word list substitution, etc. With multiple processors, this time can be optimized through searching from the last possible group of symbols and the beginning at the same time, with other processors being placed to search through a designated selection of possible passwords. One example is brute-force cracking, in which a computer tries every possible key or password until it succeeds. Most methods of password cracking require the computer to produce many candidate passwords, each of which is checked. The time to crack a password is related to bit strength ( see password strength), which is a measure of the password's entropy, and the details of how the password is stored. On a file-by-file basis, password cracking is utilized to gain access to digital evidence to which a judge has allowed access, when a particular file's permissions are restricted. The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password (installing an entirely new password is less of a security risk, but it involves System Administration privileges), to gain unauthorized access to a system, or to act as a preventive measure whereby system administrators check for easily crackable passwords. Another type of approach is password spraying, which is often automated and occurs slowly over time in order to remain undetected, using a list of common passwords. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system in scrambled form. Recovering passwords stored or transmitted by computer systems

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